A Pap smear is a screening test to detect abnormalities in cervical cells, often before any symptoms arise. Read more: https://www.artisanhealthclinic.sg/services/womens-health/ovarian-cancer-screening.
For many women, receiving an “abnormal” Pap smear result can feel concerning. However, it’s important to know that an abnormal result does not automatically indicate cancer.
In this article, we’ll explain what a Pap smear is. We will also show you how it’s done, the possible reasons for an abnormal result, and what happens if your test is abnormal.
What are the Reasons for Pap Smear?
A Pap smear (or Pap test) is a screening procedure that collects cells from the cervix—the lower, narrow end of the uterus—to look for changes that could potentially lead to cervical cancer. The purpose of the test is to identify abnormal cell changes that could develop into cancer over time.
Pap smears are typically recommended for women aged 21 to 65 years. Women between 21 and 29 should generally have a Pap smear every three years.
From ages 30 to 65, it may be done every five years if combined with HPV (human papillomavirus) testing. Women who are sexually active or have other risk factors, such as a history of abnormal Pap results, may need more frequent testing. Always consult your healthcare provider to determine a personalized screening schedule.
How is a Pap smear Done and How Do You Prepare?
A Pap smear is a simple procedure done in a clinic or a healthcare professional’s office. Here’s what you can expect:
- Procedure: You will be asked to lie on an examination table with your feet in stirrups. The provider will then gently insert a device called a speculum into your vagina to open it so they can see the cervix. Then, they use a small brush or spatula to collect a sample of cervical cells. The procedure typically takes only a few minutes and may cause mild discomfort but should not be painful.
- Preparation: To increase the accuracy of your Pap smear, it’s important to prepare ahead of time:
- Avoid intercourse, douching, or using vaginal products (such as creams, sprays, or spermicidal foams) for at least 48 hours before your test. These activities can wash away or obscure abnormal cells, leading to inaccurate results.
- If possible, try to schedule your Pap smear when you are not menstruating. Menstrual blood can make it harder to obtain a clear sample of cells.
The collected cells are sent to a laboratory, where they are examined for any abnormalities. Results typically take one to three weeks, and your healthcare provider will discuss the findings with you.
Why Would a Pap smear be Abnormal?
An abnormal Pap smear result means that the lab detected changes in the cervical cells, but these changes do not necessarily mean cancer. Here are six reasons why your Pap smear may be abnormal;
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as herpes or trichomoniasis, can cause inflammation and changes in cervical cells which may lead to an abnormal Pap result. STIs often lead to inflammation, which can make the cervical cells appear unusual. Treatment of the underlying infection can help normalize the results.
- Inflammation in the Pelvic Area: Inflammation of the cervix, also known as cervicitis, can lead to an abnormal Pap smear. Inflammation can occur due to a variety of factors, including infections, irritation from spermicides or tampons, or an allergic reaction to latex.
- Cervical Dysplasia (Precancerous Changes): Cervical dysplasia can be defined as abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. These changes are often linked to HPV infection, which is a common sexually transmitted virus. The good news is that cervical dysplasia does not always lead to cancer—many times, the body clears these changes on its own. If the dysplasia is more severe, your provider may recommend further testing or treatment to prevent it from progressing.
- HPV Infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of abnormal Pap smear results. HPV is a group of viruses that can infect the genital area, with some strains being at high-risk for causing cervical cancer. An abnormal Pap result may indicate an HPV infection, particularly high-risk strains. Many HPV infections clear up naturally without causing any long-term problems. However, if HPV persists, it can lead to changes in cervical cells, increasing the risk of cervical cancer.
- Bacterial or Yeast Infections: Non-viral infections, such as bacterial vaginosis or a yeast infection, can also cause abnormal Pap results. These infections lead to changes in the balance of bacteria in the vagina, causing irritation and changes in cervical cells. Typically, once the infection is treated, the cervical cells return to normal, resulting in a normal Pap smear.
- Normal Cellular Changes Due to Age: As women age, the cells of the cervix change naturally. These changes, especially in postmenopausal women, can sometimes be mistaken for abnormalities during a Pap smear. This is often referred to as atrophic changes and is due to decreased estrogen levels, which can make the cervical cells appear different. Hormone replacement therapy may sometimes be recommended to help return the cells to their normal state.
Can Abnormal Pap smear Results Go Away?
The answer is yes—many abnormal Pap smear results, especially those caused by HPV or mild dysplasia, can resolve on their own. The body’s immune system often fights off HPV and clears abnormal cervical cells without medical intervention.
For most people, the immune system effectively eliminates the HPV infection within one to two years. After an abnormal result, your healthcare provider may recommend another Pap smear or HPV test in 12 months to check if the cells have returned to normal.
It’s a Wrap!
An abnormal Pap smear can be a source of concern, but it doesn’t always mean cancer. In many cases, it indicates changes that may be resolved with treatment or may disappear on their own.
If you receive an abnormal result, work closely with your provider to determine the best course of action and stay informed about your options. Do you have other questions or simply want to schedule a Pap smear in Singapore? Why not call or pass by our clinic at;
The Artisan Health Clinic | Health Screening | STD Testing | HIV Testing Singapore
290 Orchard Rd, #07-01C Paragon Medical Suites,
Singapore 238859
+65 8129 8877
https://www.artisanhealthclinic.sg/
