Colorectal cancer screening is done to detect colorectal cancer early when it is most treatable. There is a strong emphasis on regular colorectal cancer screening in Singapore to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of the disease.
But to make informed decisions about your health, you may want to understand the guidelines for screening that apply to you. This guide will provide a clear overview of the importance of colorectal cancer screening.
It will also touch on the types of tests available, and the factors that influence these recommendations to help you have a better grasp of the options. Keep reading!
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Just as it sounds, colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It is one of the most common cancers in Singapore that affects both men and women.
The risk factors of colorectal cancer are varied. However, they generally include;
- Age (especially those over 50)
- A family history of colorectal cancer
- Certain genetic syndromes
- A diet high in red or processed meats, and
- Lifestyle factors like smoking and lack of physical activity
For those at risk, regular colorectal cancer screening in Singapore is strongly recommended to help detect the disease early. Regular screening is also strongly recommended as early-stage colorectal cancer often presents no symptoms.
However when detected early, the chances of successful treatment and survival significantly increase. Screening can also detect precancerous polyps, which can be removed before they become cancerous.
This preventive measure helps not only in early detection. It also helps reduce the overall incidence of colorectal cancer.
What is the Primary Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer?
Several screening tests can help detect colorectal cancer early. Some tests also allow for removing adenomas and polyps before they become cancerous.
The primary screening test for colorectal cancer is stool tests. These tests detect tiny amounts of blood in feces that are invisible to the naked eye. There are three types of stool tests approved by the FDA for colorectal cancer screening.
These tests includes guaiac FOBT (gFOBT), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and multitargeted stool DNA testing (FIT-DNA). If you’re recommended stool tests for your colorectal cancer screening in Singapore, you will be required to collect stool samples at home and return them to the doctor. Positive results typically lead to a follow-up colonoscopy. Here’s a quick overview of what these stool tests involve;
- gFOBT detects heme, a blood protein component. You will be required to avoid certain foods, like red meat, before this test.
- FIT uses antibodies to detect hemoglobin specifically and doesn’t require dietary restrictions.
- FIT-DNA detects hemoglobin and DNA biomarkers from cells shed from the colon and rectum.
Randomized trials show that gFOBT, done every 1-2 years for people aged 50-80, reduces colorectal cancer deaths. FIT is more sensitive than gFOBT and is recommended annually or biennially. FIT-DNA, more sensitive but prone to false positives, is suggested every 3 years.
Even though stool tests are the primary screening tests for colorectal cancer they are not the only option. The other alternatives for colorectal cancer screening in Singapore are;
- Colonoscopy: A colonoscopy is a comprehensive procedure that allows doctors to examine the entire colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera. This test is highly effective in detecting both cancerous and precancerous growths. It is recommended once every 10 years for individuals at average risk, starting at age 50. Those with higher risk factors may need to start earlier and undergo the procedure more frequently. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard in colorectal cancer screening due to its thoroughness and accuracy.
- Sigmoidoscopy: Sigmoidoscopy is similar to colonoscopy but only examines the rectum and the lower part of the colon. It is less invasive and usually requires less preparation. This test is recommended once every 5 years for those at average risk. While not as comprehensive as a colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy can still effectively detect abnormalities in the lower colon, making it a valuable screening tool.
- CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): CT colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, uses CT scanning to produce detailed images of the colon and rectum. It is a less invasive option compared to traditional colonoscopy and does not require sedation. This test is recommended every 5 years for those at average risk. While it is effective in detecting larger polyps and cancers, it may not identify smaller abnormalities as accurately as a traditional colonoscopy.
What are the Factors Influencing Colorectal Cancer Screening Participation?
Several factors influence whether one would need to undergo colorectal cancer screening in Singapore. Key among these factors includes;
- Age and Risk Factors: Age is a primary factor in determining when to start colorectal cancer screening. In Singapore, it is generally recommended to begin screening at age 50 for individuals at average risk. However, those with higher risk factors, such as a personal or family history of colorectal cancer, may need to start earlier. Lifestyle factors, including diet, smoking, and physical inactivity, also influence the recommended frequency and type of screening.
- Family History and Genetic Factors: A family history of colorectal cancer or certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis, significantly increases an individual’s risk. In such cases, more intensive screening protocols are recommended. This might include starting screenings at a younger age and undergoing tests more frequently. Genetic counseling can help determine the best screening strategy for individuals with a strong family history of colorectal cancer.
- Personal Health History: Individuals with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, are at higher risk for colorectal cancer and may require more frequent screenings. Additionally, previous findings of polyps or colorectal cancer necessitate a tailored screening plan. It is essential to discuss personal health history with healthcare providers to ensure an appropriate and effective screening schedule.
In Closing
Colorectal cancer screening is a crucial component of preventive healthcare, particularly in Singapore where the incidence of this cancer is significant. Factors such as age, family history, genetic predispositions, and personal health history play vital roles in determining the appropriate screening regimen. Prioritize your health by scheduling regular screenings and staying informed about the best practices for cancer prevention.
Want to learn more about colorectal cancer screening in Singapore or your risk factors? Drop us a line now or visit our practice to schedule an appointment;
Gastrohealth Clinic @ Gleneagles – Dr Bhavesh Doshi | Gastroscopy | Colonoscopy | Health Screening | EUS and ERCP Singapore
6A Napier Rd, #05-35C Gleneagles Hospital Annexe Block,
Singapore 258500
+65 6355 5773
https://gastrohealth.com.sg/
